Spring to summer

Canopy growth continues during summer, fuelling photosynthesis by increasing exposure to sunlight. Meanwhile water vapour from transpiration cools the area while fruit ripen and the tree stores energy for winter in the form of sugars and carbs.

Trees need to regulate their energy and resource usage over the summer months due to low levels of rainfall and soil moisture.

Photosynthesis will slow during summer if temperatures get too high, even stopping during the hottest periods. This is self-preservation as the tree otherwise loses its ability to function efficiently. 

Pollution also tends to be more prevalent during summer months, increasing the probability of disease or poisoning. 

A 2021 Geophysical Research Letters study of northern hemisphere seasons (1952-2011) found that global warming has lengthened summer while shortening other seasons. At the current rate, winter 2100 will last under two months while summer lasts almost six.